Multi-metric Geographic Routing for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Maintaining durable connectivity during data forwarding in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks has witnessed significant attention in the past few decades with the aim of supporting most modern applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Various techniques for next hop vehicle selection have been suggested in the literature. Most of these techniques are based on selection of next hop vehicles from fixed forwarding region with two or three metrics including speed, distance and direction, and avoid many other parameters of urban environments. In this context, this paper proposes a Multi-metric Geographic Routing (M-GEDIR) technique for next hop selection. It selects next hop vehicles from dynamic forwarding regions, and considers major parameters of urban environments including, received signal strength, future position of vehicles, and critical area vehicles at the border of transmission range, apart from speed, distance and direction. The performance of M-GEDIR is evaluated carrying out simulations on realistic vehicular traffic environments. In the comparative performance evaluation, analysis of results highlight the benefit of the proposed geographic routing as compared to the state-of-the-art routing protocols

Location Information Verification using Transferable Belief Model for Geographic Routing in VANETs

Location verification has witnessed significant attention in vehicular communication due to the growth in number of location based Intelligent Transport System (ITS) applications. The Traditional cryptography based techniques have been suggested to secure and verify location of vehicles. The traditional techniques increase protocol complexity and computational overhead due to the adhoc nature of vehicular network environments. In this context, this paper proposes two layered Location Information Verification cum Security (LIVES) technique based on Transferable Belief Model (TBM). In layer 1, Tiles based Verification (TV) is performed using the concepts of virtual tiles on roads and received signal strength. In layer 2, TBM based verification is performed. Specifically, the belief of the presence of a vehicle on each tiles, and the belief of the presence of a vehicle as neighbour of other neighbouring vehicles are combined as collective belief to attest the location claim of a neighbour vehicle. The performance of LIVES is evaluated with road-based and map-based network environments. The single, mixed and multiple adversary vehicles are considered in both the network environments. The comparative performance evaluations attest the benefits of LIVES as compared to the Verification and Inference of Position using Anonymous beaconing (A-VIP) and without using LIVES (W-LIVES)